英汉壮中动结构对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Middle Constructions in English,Chinese and Zhuang

传统语法的语态研究主要以主动语态和被动语态为主。生成语法、功能语法和认知语法从不同的角度区分语态,其中认知语法主要以动词和参与者的关系来区分语态,这是提出中动结构概念的基础。英语、汉语、壮语中动结构在表达中动语义时句法上有共性也有差异。共性体现在都以“NP+V+AP”结构为基础,差异主要是语言系属不同所带来的不同句法形态。英语属印欧语系,因此英语中动结构中动词至关重要,是整个结构的核心,有屈折变化,是中动结构中不可缺少的核心部分。汉语和壮语属汉藏语系,动词没有屈折变化,中动结构的核心转移到AP上。壮语中动结构相对于汉语中动结构更为灵活一些,其动词V不需要“起来”的限制。

Voice studies focus on active voice and passive voice in traditional grammar.Yet generative grammar,functional grammar and cognitive grammar separate voice from different perspectives,among which cognitive grammar divides voice by the relationship between verbs and its participants and this provides a background for the concept of middle constructions.Starting from middle semantics,English and Chinese middle constructions can be grouped into typical and atypical categories with real examples,and sub-grouped into small types based on the subject’s different thematic roles.Then a probe into Zhuang is taken with an aim to middle constructions in Zhuang.Based on these studies,the paper summarizes the syntactic and semantic features of middle constructions,concludes the similarities and differences of middle constructions in English,Chinese and Zhuang,and focuses on the relationships among voice,forms,syntax and semantics in different languages.