人类学视野下的哈尼族农田变迁研究——以景洪市勐龙镇勐宋为例

Changes of Hani’s Farmland from Anthropological Perspective:A Case Study of Mengsong,Menglong Town, Jinghong City

勐宋农田变迁是在多重因素的推动下进行的,主要有国家政策、市场经济等的外在驱动,也有田主自身发展的内在驱动。自给自足经济的终结与外部世界的冲击,勐宋农田在各种推力驱动之下,由稻作变成了以经济作物为主体的态势。在探讨推动农田变迁时发现国家政策带来的契机,市场经济发展的助推力都起到了决定性的驱动作用,变迁是必然的。对于勐宋农田的变迁,我们要用历史的发展的眼光去看待,但是变迁背后带来的经济、政策、文化、社会、生态的影响该如何去平衡是至关重要的。

The change of farmland cultivation in Mengsong is driven by multiple factors,mainly by national policy,market economy as well as the internal drive of the development of common people themselves.With the end of self-sufficiency economy and the impact of the outside world,the farmland in Mengsong,driven by various push forces,changed from rice crop to cash crop.In exploring the opportunities brought by the national policy,the development of market economy plays a decisive role in driving the change of farmland,and the change is inevitable.We should look at the change of farmland in Mengsong from the perspective of historical development.What is more important is how to balance the influence of economy,policy,culture,society and ecology brought by the change.