斯里兰卡维达部落人的历史渊源及发展问题研究

A Study on Veddas’ Origin and Problems of Modern Development, Sri Lanka

维达部落人是唯一的斯里兰卡原始族群,他们居住在斯里兰卡东部地区定布拉格拉和马希扬格那地区的森林里。维达人有自己的语言,通僧伽罗语,但没有自己的传统文字。维达即猎人之意,也被称为“Wanniyala_aetto”意为森林的人民,他们过着日出而作、日落而息、刀耕火种、游猎的生活。维达部落人与外界保持着基本的交往,用获得的野味、蜂蜜去交换布匹、斧头。如今维达人还采用无言语的交易方式同外界进行贸易往来。文章通过对维达部落人的历史渊源、生活习俗及发展现状的研究,分析维达人在现代社会发展变迁过程中存在的问题,并提出相关建议。

As the country’s only minority indigenous community,the Veddas inhabitants among the forests of Mahiyanganaya and Ratnapura Districts in eastern Sri Lanka.They have their own spoken but without writing language.Now only a few Veddas can speak and understand Sinhala.Their working-hour stretches from dawn to dusk,practicing a generosity in sharing foods from hunting and slash-and-burn cultivation.The aim of Veddas’life is to abide by the ancestral doctrine and to carry on the family line.In the meantime,the clan and its institution are considered sacred and inviolable.The Veddas are less-than-driven,estranged and staying at a respectful distance with precaution against others.They always maintain a minimum communication with the outside world and exchange axes and cloths with hunted wild animals and honey,and as yet,the Veddas still carry out trade activities with the outside world without any vocal communications.This paper focuses on the existing problems during the process of their changes with modern development,giving relevant advices and suggestions through a study of their historical origin,customs,relevant life style and development situation of Vedda people.