日本资源型垃圾的回收再利用——以日本千叶市为例

Recycling of Resource Waste in Japan

治理垃圾是各国面临的重要问题。在垃圾分类和资源化利用上,日本探索并形成了一套成功的经验。其中,民众在家庭生活垃圾分类中承担着基础性责任,即精准分类、使用指定垃圾袋、定时定点投放。政府采取有偿、无偿和补贴等多种方式,发挥行业协会的积极作用,实现资源垃圾市场化产业化收集,通过贸易销往海外。中国全面禁止洋垃圾对日本资源垃圾出口产生巨大冲击,为此,日本政府要求生产企业承担起垃圾回收和再利用的责任,推动技术创新,用可降解的植物原料取代传统塑料。这些经验和做法对中国的垃圾分类和资源型垃圾回收再利用有一定的借鉴意义。

The management of garbage is a critical issue for all countries.In garbage classification and recycling,Japan has explored and developed a set of successful experience.The household garbage classification bears the fundamental responsibility,which includes accurate classification,use of designated garbage bags,allocated garbage collecting time and spots system.The Japanese government has made use of paid,unpaid means and subsidies to fully motivate industrial associations to play their roles in order to collect resource garbage in a market-oriented and industrialized manner and sell resource garbage abroad through trade transactions.China’s all-round banning on importing foreign trash has significantly affected Japan’s resource garbage export business,and thus Japanese government has required its production companies to take up the responsibilities of garbage collecting and recycling,innovating relevant technology and using biodegradable plant materials to replace traditional plastic materials.The abovementioned experience and practice offer reference for China in classifying wastes and recycling resource garbage.