家庭跟进服务对老年卧床病人照顾者负担的影响研究

Effect of Family Follow-up Services on the Burden of Bedridden Elderly Caregivers

目的研究家庭跟进服务对减轻老年卧床患者照顾者负担的效果,为老年卧床患者照顾者的干预提供理论支持。方法将120例老年卧床患者照顾者分为研究组和对照组各60例,研究组在出院时给予1年的家庭跟进服务,对照顾者进行包括疾病用药指导、社会支持、照顾技能训练、康复技能训练、老年卧床患者并发症的预防、大小便护理技术训练等护理干预,并定期电话随访,对照组采用常规电话随访患者病情状态,分别于干预前和干预后3、6、9、12个月采用照顾者负担问卷评定两组照顾者的负担状况。结果研究组和对照组干预后12个月和干预前照顾者负担的改变相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后9个月和12个月研究组和对照组的照顾者负担比较,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预方法与时间存在交互作用(F=27.499,P<0.001);研究组与对照组的差异有统计学意义(F=7.894,P=0.006),研究组照顾者负担量表得分呈现逐渐下降的趋势,对照组照顾者负担量表得分呈现逐渐上升的趋势;照顾者负担量表得分存在时间趋势(F=4.974,P=0.009),不同时间点的总体均数不全相同。结论家庭跟进服务有助于减轻老年卧床患者照顾者的负担。

Objective To study the effect of family follow-up care on reduction of the burdens of caregivers who take care of the elderly bedridden patients and provide theoretical support for the intervention in elderly bedridden patients.Methods A total of 120 caregivers caring to elderly bedridden patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,60 in each group.Caregivers in the study group were given a one-year family follow-up care at the time of discharge,including medication guidance,social support,life skills training,rehabilitation skills training,prevention of complications,toilet care and regular telephone follow-up.The control group used telephone to follow up the patient's condition.The burdens of the two groups of caregivers were assessed before the intervention and 3 months,6 months,9 months,12 months after intervention by using the questionnaire.Results There was a statistically significant difference between the control group and the study group at 12 months after the intervention and the change in the burden of the caregiver before the intervention(P<0.05).After 9 months follow-up,the burden of caregivers in the study group was significantly smaller than those in the control group and keep good effect in the 12 months follow-up study(P<0.05).There was an interaction between the intervention method and time(F=27.499,P<0.001);the difference between the study group and the control group was statistically significant(F=7.894,P=0.006).The scores on the caregiver burdenin the study group showed a gradual trend of decline.The scores on the caregiver burden in the control group showed a trend of gradual increase.The scores on the caregiver burden showed a temporal trend(F=4.974,P=0.009),and the overall averages at different time points were not the same.Conclusion Family follow-up carecan reduce the burden of caregivers who take care of elderly bedridden patients.