发达国家和地区汞污染防治对我国的启示

汞是一种可在全球范围内扩散并在跨几代人的时间里长期留存于生态系统,能够对人类造成严重身体疾患和智力损伤的重金属。介绍了欧美汞污染防治领域相关的法律法规,美国小型金矿无汞黄金回收,日本纽扣电池、荧光灯汞回收保障系统及工业废渣、牙科银汞合金等的回收及残料处理方法。针对我国汞污染防治起步较晚、经验不足等问题,就加强我国汞污染防治领域立法、开展汞污染防治基础数据采集、添汞产品技改以及加强汞废物回收及无害化处理等方面提出了意见和建议。

Mercury is a heavy metal that spreads around the world and remains in ecosystems for generations,causing serious physical and intellectual damage to humans. This paper introduces the related laws and regulations of mercury pollution control in Europe and America. Mercury-free gold recovery of small gold mines in America is briefly introduced;the recovery and disposal methods of button battery,mercury recovery system of fluorescent lamp,industrial waste residue and dental amalgam in Japan are presented. In view of the problems such as the late start and lack of experience of mercury pollution prevention and control in China,the opinions and suggestions are put forward on strengthening the legislation of mercury pollution prevention and control,carrying out the basic data collection of mercury pollution prevention and control,improving the technology of mercury added products,and strengthening the recycling and harmless treatment of mercury waste.