南水北调中线水源区十堰市复合生态系统能值分析

Energy analysis of composite ecosystem of Shiyan City in water source area of Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

针对南水北调中线水源区十堰市日益突出的生态环境问题,构建十堰市复合生态系统。运用能值分析方法绘制系统能值图,建立十堰市复合生态系统能值指标体系,测算并研究2003-2016年十堰市复合生态系统能值指标变化规律。结果表明:十堰市复合生态系统能值输出增加,但自给能力下降,对外部资源依赖程度加深;能值产出对经济贡献增大,但工程通水后对外利益交流减少,居民生活水平及单位面积能值利用效率提升,环境治理压力增大,同时废弃物排放得到有效控制;复合生态系统逐渐转变为高消费型,可持续发展能力降低;与水源区其他城市相比,十堰市复合生态系统能值自给、环境承载及可持续发展能力较强,但经济发展及居民生活水平较低。

In view of the increasing ecological environmental problems in Shiyan City,water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a composite ecological system for Shiyan City is established. By using the energy value analysis method to draw the diagram of system energy value,the composite ecosystem energy value index system for Shiyan City is established, and the change rules of the composite ecosystem energy value index in Shiyan City from 2003 to 2016 are calculated and studied. The results show that:( 1) The energy output of the complex ecosystem in Shiyan City increases,but its self-sufficiency decreases,and its dependence on external resources increases.( 2) The output of energy value contributes more to the economy,but the external exchange of interests decreases after the project is in operation,the living standard of residents and the utilization efficiency of energy value per unit area increase,the pressure of environmental governance increases,and the waste discharge is effectively controlled.( 3) The complex ecosystem gradually turns into high consumption type, and its sustainable development capability decreases.( 4) Compared with those of other cities in the water source area,the composite ecosystem of Shiyan City has strong energy self-sufficiency, environmental-bearing capacity and sustainable development capability;however, its economic development and residents’ living standard are relatively low.