基于“格局-质量-功能”的生态系统综合评估方法研究与实践

Research and practice of ecosystem comprehensive evaluation method based on “pattern-quality-function”

生态系统综合评估是从多角度对研究区生态系统进行全面评估分析,对于科学掌握区域生态系统总体情况,开展区域生态治理、恢复、监管等生态保护工作具有重要意义。目前,针对生态系统评估的研究多基于质量或服务功能单方面考虑,且基于时空多维度的研究较少。因此,通过综合考虑生态系统格局、质量及服务功能3方面因素,以单项评估与综合评估相结合的方式建立一套完整的生态系统综合评估指标体系,分别利用综合加权模型和三角模型法建立相应生态综合评估指数CWEI、TI,从时间和空间上多维度对生态系统进行评价的生态系统综合评估方法。以庞泉沟国家级自然保护区内及周边0~5 km区域作为试验区,综合评估分析了其2000—2015年生态系统变化情况。结果显示两种模型评估结果总体趋于一致:(1)2000—2015年间,庞泉沟国家级自然保护区内的生态状况优于周边0~5 km区域。(2)2000—2015年间,庞泉沟国家级自然保护区内及周边0~5 km区域的生态系统状况均逐渐变好,自然保护区内及周边0~5 km区域在2000—2010年生态评估指数CWEI、TI的年均增长率均低于2010—2015年,表明在2010年以后自然保护区及周边0~5 km区域生态系统转好速率加快。

The comprehensive assessment of ecosystems is a comprehensive assessment of the ecosystems in the study area from multiple perspectives.It is of great significance for scientifically mastering the overall situation of regional ecosystems and carrying out ecological protection work such as regional ecological governance,restoration and supervision.At present,research on ecosystem assessment is based on unilateral considerations of quality or service functions,and there are few studies based on time and space multi-dimensional.Therefore,this paper proposes a comprehensive consideration of ecosystem pattern,quality and service function,and establishes a complete ecosystem evaluation index system by combining individual assessment and comprehensive assessment,using integrated weighted models and triangles respectively.The model method establishes the corresponding ecological comprehensive evaluation index CWEI,TI,and the comprehensive evaluation method of ecosystem for evaluating ecosystems from multiple dimensions in time and space.Taking the 0~5 km area in the Pangquangou National Nature Reserve as a test area,the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of its ecosystem changes from 2000 to 2015.The results show that the evaluation results of the two models tend to be consistent:(1)Between 2000 and 2015,the ecological status of the Pangquangou National Nature Reserve is better than the surrounding 0~5 km area.(2)Between 2000 and 2015,the ecosystem status of the 0~5 km area in the Pangquangou National Nature Reserve has gradually improved,the annual growth rate of ecological assessment indexes CWEI and TI in the nature reserve and the surrounding 0~5 km area from 2000 to 2010 is lower than that in 2010—2015,showed that after 2010 nature reserves and the surrounding 0~5 km better rate to speed up the regional ecological system.