青年马克思的能力思想及其当代中国意义——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的分析

Young Marx’s Capacity for Thought and Its Significance for Contemporary China: An Analysis Based on Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中蕴涵的能力思想,构成了中国改革开放以来人的解放和发展的重要思想资源。青年马克思将人的类能力和需要能力看作本质力量的重要构成部分,批判了异化劳动造成的人的类能力异化和人的尊严丧失,进而考察了资本增殖带来的需要能力异化和人与人的对立。透过资本与劳动的关系,马克思揭示出现代社会财富积累在人的发展问题中的悖论。他提出通过共产主义运动,实现人对自身能力的全面占有和日益丰富,从而富人不是占有财富的人,而是具有内在丰富性的人。青年马克思的能力思想启示我们:国家富强、民族复兴和社会和谐有赖于人力资源和人才资源能力建设;在大国迈向强国关键期,改革开放应在更高水平上深化和扩展;只有把政治优势和制度优势转化为治理效能,才能有效摆脱贫困,实现共同富裕。

The capacity for thought contained in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 has been an important theoretical resource for human emancipation and development since the beginning of China’s reform and opening-up.Marx regarded species-property and needs-ability as important components of essential power,and criticized the estrangement of human capacity and the loss of human dignity caused by estranged labor.By expounding the relationship between capital and labor,Marx revealed the paradox of the accumulation of wealth in modern society in human development.He proposed realizing the full possession and enrichment of people’s own capacity through the communist movement,so that the rich would not be those who possessed wealth,but those who had inherent richness.Young Marx’s capacity for thought enlightens us,affirming that the country’s prosperity,national rejuvenation and social harmony depend on the construction of human resources.In the critical transition of China from a large country to a strong power,reform and opening-up should be deepened and expanded at a higher level.Only by transforming political and institutional advantages into governance effectiveness can we effectively eradicate poverty and achieve common prosperity.