资产阶级意识形态的马克思政治经济学批判

Criticism of Marxist Political Economy on Capitalist Ideology

在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中,马克思不再停留在资本主义观念层面对绝对精神的“外在”批判,转而深入“市民社会”对“那些统治个人的物质关系的理论表现”进行“内在”批判。马克思从资本主义的生产、生活出发,有机地将劳动与工资、货币、资本之间的关系统一起来,一步一步地将隐藏在其背后的物化生产关系、社会关系、价值颠倒的虚幻面纱揭开。他深刻地揭露了所谓“等价交换”的工资实质上的不平等不自由、货币对工人统治的权力不平等、资本对人的价值的颠倒,向世人展示了资本主义“赤裸裸”的面貌,戳穿了资产阶级“公道、正义、民主、平等、和谐”等虚伪的空话,否定资本主义剥削制度,从而促成资产阶级意识形态的合法化危机。

Marx no longer stays in the capitalist concept of the“external”criticism of the absolute spirit,but goes deep into the“citizen society”to criticize“the theoretical expression of the material relations that govern the individual”in 1857—1858 Economic Manuscript.Starting from the production and life of capitalism,Marx organically put the system of labor and wages,money,and capital together,and gradually unveiled the false veil of materialized production relations,social relations,and reversal of value hidden behind it,which exposed profoundly the inequality and inequality of wages under the apparent“equivalence exchange”,the inequality of power of money over workers,and the falsity of capital's reversal of human value,and showed the world the“naked”face of capitalism.It debunked the false empty words of the bourgeoisie,such as“justice,justice,democracy,equality,and harmony”,negated the capitalist exploitation system,and formed a legitimate crisis of bourgeois ideology.