在线众包设计下基于信息更新的供应链延迟生产优化

Postponement production optimization of supply chain under Online Crowdsourcing with information update

鉴于众包供应链较少将上游众包环节和下游生产环节结合起来进行研究,将线上众包设计环节有机嵌入到供应链中,建立了基于众包的供应链基本模型;在此基础上考虑定制需求信息的精确性影响众包设计决策的质量,将模型扩展到具有信息更新功能的众包供应链定制模型,并分析初始设计和更新设计两种设计定制模式下的生产量;在两种不同设计定制模式下,众包供应链下游制造商存在准时生产策略和延迟生产策略两种生产策略,探讨众包供应链的初始设计&延迟生产策略、更新设计&即时生产策略、更新设计&延迟生产策略3种组合决策策略,并优化出不同组合决策策略的最优生产量和实施前提条件,通过差分法对各不同组合策略的信息价值进行了对比分析,发现信息更新设计定制策略优于延迟生产策略,线上众包供应链的双组合策略优于单组合策略。通过敏感性分析发现,在线众包设计中适当提高众包参与者胜出人数,可对线上众包设计参与者和众包发起企业起到双向激励的作用,并且存在一个触发信息更新价值效应的众包设计悬赏(价格)阈值,为众包供应链的有效决策提供了参考依据。

Crowdsourcing supply chain as a new type of supply chain under Internet plus is becoming a hot topic in today s research.Aiming at the problem that few researches focuses on integration of upstream crowdsourcing and downstream production,the basic model of supply chain based on crowdsourcing was established by embedding the crowdsourcing design link into supply chain.On this basis,the influence of the accuracy in customized demand information on the quality of crowdsourcing design decisions was considered to extend the basic model to crowdsourcing supply chain design under the information update,and the production quantity under two design policies—Initial Design(ID)and Modified Design(MD)were obtained respectively.Two different design policies would inevitably cause the downstream supply chain manufacturers to respond accordingly,so three combination strategies of crowdsourcing supply chain that were ID and Postpone Production(PP)policy,MD and Instant Production(IP)policy and MD and PP policy were discussed.The optimal production quantity and implementation prerequisite under three combination policies were obtained.Through the example,the different combination policies were compared and analyzed,the results showed that MD&PP was the best,followed by MD&IP and ID&PP.The sensitivity analysis was used to further confirm effectiveness of the models.