基于GIS技术的城市大气污染物扩散模型研究

Study on the diffusion model of urban atmospheric pollutants based on GIS technology

基于GIS强大的数据管理及分析功能,构建了城市大气污染物的扩散模型,可为大气污染治理及相关研究提供科学的理论和数据帮助.同时,将计算结果与城市规划相结合,为城市用地布局提供理论依据.研究表明:大气污染物的扩散具有明显的时空间变化特征,这些特征与环境要素的相互作用决定了污染性质的演变、强度变化以及时空上的动态演化路径.大气污染源在静风状态下以烟气抬升高度和烟囱垂直高度之和的n倍绘制圆形区域,然后将该区域与筛选的分析点层叠加,进而得到圆形所覆盖的目标均为有效的计算点.

GIS has superior spatial analytical and data management functions.The article builds a diffusion model of urban atmospheric pollutant based on GIS technology,provides intuitive,scientific and effective data for assisting atmospheric pollution emergency work,and analyzes the atmospheric pollution diffusion simulation in Lanzhou City.At the same time,the calculation results are combined with urban planning to provide a theoretical basis for urban land layout.Results show that GIS has a wide range of applications in reaearch of the atmospheic pollutant,including data preprocessing,secondary development of models,and in displaying the output of computing results.MapObjects is introduced to confirm the feasibility of integrating atmospheric pollution diffusion research with GIS.The simulation study on the expansion of atmospheric pollutant in Lanzhou has found that the characteristics of atmospheric pollution are closely related to the distribution of pollution sources and topographical features.