重金属对水生生物的毒性效应机制研究进展

ADVANCES ON ECOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THE MECHANISMS

随着我国经济的快速增长和人民生活水平的日益提高,由此产生的环境污染问题也日益突出,其中水体重金属污染由于其具有危害大、分布广、持续长等特点而备受社会各界的广泛关注。重金属污染物通过干、湿沉降等各种途径随着生活污水和工业废水等进入水体,不仅对水生生物造成极大影响,还严重威胁人类的身体健康。综述了水体重金属的污染现状,以及水体重金属对水生生物的生态毒性效应及其机制,并展望了重金属对水生生物生态毒性效应的未来研究重点和方向,为重金属对水生生物的生态毒性效应进一步研究和水体重金属污染的环境治理提供参考,同时可为重金属的水质基准和风险评估研究提供重要理论依据。

With the rapid development of national economy and the increasing of people′s living standards,environmental pollution has become increasingly serious.Heavy metals pollution in water body has attracted extensive attention from all departments over the society due to its characteristics of great harm,wide distribution and long duration.Heavy metals pollutants enter the water body through dry,wet deposition and other approaches along with domestic sewage and industrial wastewater,which not only has a great impact on aquatic organisms,but also poses serious threat to human health.In this paper,water pollution status,ecotoxicity effects of heavy metals to aquatic organisms and its tolerance mechanisms are reviewed,the research emphasis and direction of aquatic ecological toxicity effects of heavy metals in the future are also discussed,aiming to provide references for the further study of ecological toxicity to aquatic organisms of heavy metals and water environment treatment,it can also provide certain theoretical basis for water quality criteria and risk assessment of heavy metals.