核电厂环境风险评价框架与方法分析

Analysis on framework and method of environmental risk assessment for nuclear power plants

当前,对核电厂实施风险评价主要包括两方面内容:一是核事故风险评价,二是非人类物种电离辐射防护评价。为针对核电厂构建并完善辐射防护的有效体系,有必要对环境风险评价涉及的关键流程和相关要素进行借鉴,构建核电厂环境风险评价框架,并掌握相关方法。本文简述了环境风险评价概念及流程方法,浅析了核电厂环境风险评价框架与方法,探究了核辐射环境监测的主要途径,以期为核电厂环境风险评价提供借鉴。

At present,the risk assessment of nuclear power plants mainly includes two aspects:one is the nuclear accident risk assessment,and the other is the nonhuman species ionizing radiation protection evaluation.In order to build and improve an effective system for radiation protection for nuclear power plants,it is necessary to learn from the key processes and related elements involved in environmental risk assessment,build a nuclear power plant environmental risk assessment framework,and master relevant methods.This paper briefly introduces the concept and process of environmental risk assessment,analyzes the framework and method of environmental risk assessment of nuclear power plants,and explores the main ways of nuclear radiation environment monitoring,in order to provide reference for environmental risk assessment of nuclear power plants.