Müller细胞在特发性黄斑裂孔形成及愈合机制中的研究进展

Progress in the mechanism of Müller cells in the formation and prognosis of idiopathic macular hole

特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)是指发病原因不明的黄斑区视网膜神经上皮层组织缺损。目前玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除术已成为治疗IMH常规术式,可使大部分IMH患者达到解剖愈合,但愈合机制仍不明确。近年来,神经胶质细胞的激活在神经系统损伤和疾病病理过程中的作用日益受到人们重视,几乎所有神经系统(包括视网膜)的损伤和疾病都伴随着神经胶质细胞的激活;Müller细胞是人视网膜主要的一类神经胶质细胞,在解剖和功能上与视网膜各层神经元的胞体和突起有着广泛联系,对神经元起支持、营养及信息传导作用,众多研究表明Müller细胞激活并增殖在闭合黄斑裂孔(MH)中起主导作用,本文就Müller细胞在IMH形成和愈合过程及相关机制中的作用予以综述。

Idiopathic macular hole(IMH)refers to the defect of retinal nerve epidermis in macular area with unknown pathogenesis.As present,pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane peeling has become a normal operation for the treatment of IMH,which enables most IMH patients to achieve anatomic healing,however,it is still unclear about the healing mechanism.The role of the glial cell activation in the pathological process of nervous system injury and disease has paid more and more attention.Nearly all the injuries and diseases of nervous system(including retina)are accompanied by the activation of glial cells;and Müller cells are the main type of glial cells in the human retina.In terms of anatomy and function,they are widely related to the cell bodies and processes of neurons in all layers of the retina,and play a supporting,nutritional and information transmission role in neurons.Numerous studies have shown that the activation and proliferation of Müller cells play a leading role in closed MH.It is reviewed in this paper that the role and its related mechanisms of Müller cells in the formation and healing of IMH.