嵌入式吸纳：环境抗争引发非常规政策变迁的消解方略

Embedded Absorption:A Strategy for Eliminating Unconventional Policy Changes Caused by Environmental Protests

任何社会抗争产生的动因都很复杂,但是政府应对的方法是多元的。环境抗争作为一种典型社会抗争行动,常常引发地方政府改变原初政策,可称之为"非常规政策变迁",符合"一闹就灵"特点,按照影响程度又表现为一闹就停、一闹就迁、一闹就改、一闹就缓。针对环境抗争经常性引发非常规政策变迁的现状,本文提出"嵌入式吸纳"的消解方略。"嵌入式吸纳"坚持在嵌入基础上的吸纳、吸纳条件下的创新、嵌入与吸纳并重。"嵌入式吸纳"将环境抗争行动视为一种"连续统"危机治理过程,从政策过程的体制运行考量,在自上而下和由内而外双重维度建立互联互通的治理体系。同时将社区共治作为消解方略的实践基础,因势利导,预防、减缓和消解环境抗争所带来的体制性冲击,保持政府、市场和社会的平衡互动,实现政府体系与环保主义的和谐共生。未来需要从基层、地方和国家治理的三维空间出发,打造"社会治理红利说",推进和实现治理现代化。

The causes of any social protest are complex,but the government’s approach is diverse. As a typical social protest,environmental protests often triggers local governments to change their original policy decisions. It can be called"unconventional policy changes",which is in line with the characteristics of "a fight brings outcome",according to thedegree of influence,it is also characterized by stop,transfer,interdiction and delayed. In view of the current situation of environmental protests causing unconventional policy changes,this paper proposes a strategy for the elimination of"embedded absorption". Which adheres to the absorption on the basis of embedding,innovation under the conditions of absorption,and embedding with absorbing. "Embedded absorption" regards environmental protests as a "continuous system"crisis governance process,considering the institutional operation of the policy process,and establishing an interconnected governance system from the top to the bottom and from the inside to the outside. At the same time,community co-governance is the practical basis of the elimination strategy. It is guided by the situation to prevent,mitigate and eliminate the institutional impact brought by environmental protests,maintain the balanced interaction between the government,the market and the society,and realize the harmonious coexistenc between the government system and environmentalism. In the future,we need to start from the three-dimensional space of grassroots,local and national governance,creating a "social governance dividend theory" to promote and realize governance modernization.