就地就近城镇化背景下农民工生计恢复力测量及现状

Calculation and Current Situation Analysis of Rural Migrant Workers’ Livelihood Resilience Under the Background of In-situ Urbanization

基于可持续生计框架与生计恢复力理论框架,结合就地就近城镇化背景下农民工的个体特征,建立农民工生计恢复力指标体系。采用主成分分析法对指标赋权,使用一手调查数据定量测算生计恢复力,分析发现:农民工生计恢复力总体偏低,整体弹性大;各项生计恢复力差异较大,内部优化尚有待发展;学习能力总体来说较强,但技能培训、教育程度对于农民工生计恢复力来说是明显短板;男性农民工、老一代农民工和在经济水平较好县域工作的农民工生计恢复力较强,在不同维度表现形式存在差异。政策制定应着眼于全面增强农民工缓冲能力、自组织能力、学习能力,针对不同恢复力维度提升政策扶持力度,增强农民工生计的恢复力。

Based on the sustainable livelihood and livelihood resilience framework,this paper establishes the livelihood resilience evaluation index system according to the individual characteristics of the migrant workers in the background ofthe near urbanization.The PCA method is used to quantify the indicators and use the first-hand survey data to quantitatively measure the livelihood resilience. Through the comparison and analysis,it reveals that the indicators of the migrant workers’ livelihood resilience are generally low and highly elastic. The various indicators of livelihood resilience are quite different,and internal optimization remains to be developed. Learning capacity is generally strong,but skill training and education level are short-term for the livelihood resilience of migrant workers. The male migrant workers,the older generation of migrant workers and the urban workers working in counties with better economic levdl have stronger livelihood resilience,and there are differences in the expressions of different dimensions. Policy formulation should focus on comprehensively enhancing the buffering capacity,self-organization capacity and learning capacity of migrant workers,and improve policy support for different resilience dimensions to enhance the livelihood resilience of migrant workers.