从制度化到结构化：现代国家转型的新结构政治理论

From institutionalization to Structuralization:The New Structural Political Theory of Modern Country Transformation

亨廷顿的制度化理论认为,转型国家的政治稳定取决于制度化水平的高低。但转型国家往往会经历一个新旧交替的制度变迁过程,低制度化是这一过程的主要特点。那么,在制度化水平相对较低的情况下,国家究竟该如何保持政治稳定?本文认为,对这一问题的反思需要突破新制度主义过于泛化的制度和制度化概念,重新找回政治学研究的"结构视角"。本文提出新结构政治理论,认为结构化是制度化的前提,在低制度化条件下,国家需要较强的政治能力,并通过结构化行为和策略,塑造具有均衡性和整合性的关系结构,从而进一步为现代国家的制度化奠定基础。

Samuel Huntington believes that the political stability of the transition process depends on the level of institutionalization. However,countries in transition often experience a process of institutional change between the old and new,and low level of institutionalization is the main feature of this process. Therefore,it is essential to figure out how can the country maintain political stability with a relatively low level of institutionalization. This paper believes that the reflection on this issue needs to break through the concepts of the new institutionalism that are too generalized as well as brings the "structural perspective"of political science research back.This paper proposes a new structural political theory,which believes that structuralization is the premise of institutionalization. Under the condition of low level of institutionalization,the state needs strong political ability,structured behavior and strategy to creates a balanced and integrated relationship structure,which lays the foundation for the institutionalization of modern countries.