以邻为镜:现代中国民族主义话语中的韩国“三一运动”

The Neighbor as a Mirror: the Korean March First Movement in Modern Chinese Discourses of Nationalism

1919年韩国"三一运动"爆发后,在中国媒体的密集报道和评论中,日本殖民者的残暴、韩人民族独立意志的坚决,以及民族自决的观念,都得到了令人印象深刻的呈现。韩人和平请愿方式的失败,则提示中国人去寻求国族独立的新道路。此后二三十年里,三一运动作为"邻家镜像"逐渐进入中国的民族主义运动和民族解放话语,为走向国族独立和民族复兴道路的中国人持续提供正面激励和反面借鉴。这种"弱小民族"之间的联系和互动,不仅有助于理解现代中国的民族主义运动,也有助于认识20世纪前期席卷全球的殖民地人民争取国族独立运动的发展机制。

There had been intensive reports and comments in Chinese newspapers and magazines during the Korean March First Movement in 1919. Three impressive images from this event had been presented in Chinese media, i.e., cruelty and ferocity of Japanese colonists, steadfastness of the Korean people’s appeal for independence, and the idea of national self-determination. From the failure of peaceful protest by Korean people, the Chinese nationalists got a lesson that they had to look for new approaches for national independence. In the following decades, the Korea March First Movement has gradually entered into Chinese discourses of nationalist revolution and class revolution. This mirror from the neighbor has provided both positive inspiration and negative reference for Chinese people in their pursuing for national independence and state rebuilding. Such linkage and interactions between "weak nations" not only help to have further understandings of nationalist movement in modern China, but also benefit to know the dynamics of anticolonial nationalism across the world in early 20 th century.