有偿VS无偿:耕地转入户的异质性及其资源配置涵义

Paying Rent or Not: The Heterogeneity of Tenants and Its Efficiency and Equity Implication for Land Reallocation

中国农村存在大量发生于亲友之间并且不收取实物或货币租金的无偿耕地流转。基于江苏省18县农户调查数据,文章实证分析无偿耕地转入户与有偿转入户的系统特征差异。研究发现:相比无偿转入户,有偿转入户的自评经营能力更高,更可能持有农机和生产高附加值农产品,资源禀赋状况也较好。这意味着有偿流转有利于耕地流向更有效率的农户;无偿流转则相对有利于耕地流向资源禀赋状况较差的农户。建设正式耕地流转市场可提高资源配置效率,但可能会挤出弱势群体无偿转入耕地的机会,因此,在这一过程中需要完善社会保障制度。

Informal land transfers without paying rent frequently occur among relatives in rural China.Theoretic analysis shows that,in formal market,households will select to transfer in land only if the marginal value of product(MVP)of land is higher than rent rate.However,in informal market,households not only select to be but also are selected as tenants by the landlords.Based on the survey data collected in Jiangsu Province,this paper further explores the differences of tenants between rent-free transfer and market transaction.The results show that the effects of ability and technology adoption have much larger effects on the rent-paying transfer than rent-free transfer.The development of formal rental market can improve the efficiency of land allocation but it may crow out the opportunities for vulnerable groups to obtain rent-free land.Therefore,the social security system needs to be improved at the same time.