某微型电动汽车保险杠结构优化及仿真分析

Structural optimization and simulation analysis of a micro electric automobile bumper

为提高某微型电动汽车保险杠的耐撞性,基于显式动态有限元理论及冲击动力学原理,采用Hypermesh和LS-DYNA有限元软件对该保险杠进行正面100%碰撞仿真分析。综合考虑耐撞性与轻量化的设计思路,对该保险杠提出5种优化方案。对比分析结果表明:各保险杠最大变形量均小于140 mm的安全距离,优化2型在中间加肋板形式的保险杠比吸能最高,比原保险杠高出19.20%,并且质量减少了17.98%。保险杠横梁加肋板是较为简单且有效的改进方法,质量变化不大的情况下,比吸能高,峰值载荷低,具有更好的安全性。

In order to improve the impact resistance of a micro electric vehicle bumper, based on explicit dynamic finite element theory and impact dynamics principle, the frontal 100% impact simulation analysis of the bumper has been carried out with Hypermesh and LS-DYNA finite element software. Considering the design ideas of crashworthiness and lightness, five optimization schemes are put forward. The comparative analysis results show that the maximum deformation of each bumper is less than the safety distance of 140 mm, and the specific energy absorption of the middle ribbed plate of Change-2 is the highest, 19.20% higher than the original bumper, and the mass is reduced by 17.98%. Adding ribbed plate to bumper beams is a relatively simple and effective improvement method, which has higher specific energy-absorbing and lower peak load with better security, under the condition of little change in mass.