鱼类鮰爱德华菌与鮰爱德华菌病研究进展

A review on the Edwardsiella ictaluri of fish and Edwardsiella ictaluri disease

鮰爱德华菌(Edwardsiella ictaluri)是一种能导致多种鱼类致病的病原菌,能引发斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctaus)肠道败血症和黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)“红头病”等。鮰爱德华菌病暴发具有季节性,通常发生于水温25℃左右的春、秋季,宿主范围较窄,主要感染鮰科鱼类。随着水产养殖集约化程度的提高,致病性鮰爱德华菌对水产养殖业的危害日益严重。通过对鱼类鮰爱德华菌与鮰爱德华菌病研究进展进行综述,介绍了鮰爱德华菌的分类地位、生物学特性、致病因子、入侵鱼体途径、流行情况及检测方法等,并结合养殖现状,提出在实际生产中采取综合预防、免疫防疫等有效预防措施,一旦发病检测出该病原,可使用水产准许的药物对症进行治疗,以期为鮰爱德华菌的进一步研究及其疾病防治提供参考和借鉴。

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause disease in a variety of fishes.It will cause enteric septicemia of catfish(ESC)and red-head disease in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.The seasonal outbreak of Edwardsiellosis usually occurs in spring and autumn with 25°C water and the host range is narrow which mainly affects Ictaluridae.With the development of intensive aquaculture,the pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri is increasingly harmful to the aquaculture industry.In this paper,the research progress of Edwardsiella ictaluri was reviewed.The taxonomic status,biological characteristics,pathogenic factors,invasive fish path,prevalence and detection methods of Edwardsiella ictaluri were introduced.Based on the state and development of E.ictaluri,the effective preventive measures,such as comprehensive and immunization,were proposed.Once the pathogen is detected,the approved drugs can be used for symptomatic treatments,which can be used to provide references for the further study of Edwardsiella ictaluri and relative diseases.