现代汉语“让”字的功能视角研究

A Functional Approach to “Rang” in Modern Chinese

现代汉语“让”字存在共时平面的多种意义,是学界关注的热点之一。现有文献主要认为在现代汉语中“让”字有动词和介词两种用法。这种传统语法研究视角使得学界对“让”字在语言实际使用中的功能考察缺乏一定的解释力。文章以系统功能语言学中加的夫语法模式为理论指导,系统探析“让”的意义及句法功能。研究结果表明,现代汉语“让”字有动词、介词和“让”成分三种功能。作为动词,“让”说明小句的谓体,并体现过程意义;其中表致使义的“让”也应为动词而非介词。作为介词,“让”的功能是引出过程的施动者;在句法上,“让”与其后的名词词组组成介词词组一起说明小句的补语而非状语。作为“让”成分,“让”字为一种语气结构标记,没有经验意义。

The multiple meanings of Rang in modern Chinese have been one of the main concerns among scholars.Two functions of Rang,that is,verb function and prepositional function,have been identified in the literature.Within this traditional approach,many practical problems concerning the usage of Rang have been left unsolved.This paper explores the meaning and syntactic functions of Rang from the Cardiff Grammar perspective,a model of Systemic Functional Grammar.The study shows that there are three functions of Rang in modern Chinese:verb function,prepositional function and“Let”element function.When Rang is used as a verb,it expounds the Predicator of a clause,which realizes process meaning;the causative usage of Rang should also be treated as a verb rather than a preposition.When it is used as a preposition,the function of Rang is to introduce the Agent of the process,which together with the following nominal group should expound the clause element of Complement rather than Adjunct syntactically.When it is used as“Let”element of a clause,it is only a mood marker,which has no experiential meaning.