《共产党宣言》对政治概念的解构和重构

The Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Politics in the Communist Manifesto

在《共产党宣言》中,政治是用于限定统治、制度、运动和斗争等历史活动的定语,是随着经济基础变化而不断具有新形式的动态概念。在阶级社会的历史阶段,作为定语的政治和阶级又统一于新旧阶级统治的本质特征。在此意义上,《共产党宣言》不仅对作为“绝对真理”的政治、法律和道德作出了彻底的批判,而且试图祛魅遮蔽阶级属性的启蒙政治理念,更在后阶级社会——共产主义社会的视域下提出了重构公共性政治的可能途径和必要条件。今天,当历史正反经验和日新月异的技术手段为资本主义政治/阶级统治提供了更新治理技艺的客观条件,用以重构政治的无产阶级政党、政权诚然面临着前所未有的挑战乃至危机。但是,经济全球化和无人化生产工具变革所带来的过剩危机,以及由互联网所提供的开放商谈空间,将推动阶级意识的迅速发展,而《共产党宣言》的政治实践也必然走进一个新时代。

In the Communist Manifesto,politics is an attributive word to describe the historical factors,including ruling,constitution,movement and struggle.The politics in the Manifesto is also a dynamic word,which is defined by different economic bases.Therefore the Manifesto not only criticizes the politics,law and morality as absolute truth,but also realizes the disenchantment on the enlightenment concept of politics,which actually concealed the class attribute of politics.The deconstruction of idealist concepts of politics in the Manifesto provided the possible path for the reconstruction of public politics in a post-class society,namely the communist society.When the capitalist political/class ruling has developed with advanced technologies and abundant historical experience,the critique upon idealist political theories promoted by the Manifesto has to face unprecedented challenges.However,due to the surplus crisis caused by globalization and robotic production,as well as the open discourse in the cyber space,the class consciousness may develop in the new historical context,which will push the political practice expected by the Manifesto into a new era.