康德的自在之物学说与人类未来

Kant’s Doctrine of Things-in-themselves and the Future of Humanity

康德在《纯粹理性批判》中曾明确指出,他的自在之物学说对于"所有未来时代"都是一笔不小的馈赠。这表明他把自己的这一学说与人类的未来联系在一起。自在之物学说与人类未来的关系具有四个方面的含义:就人类认识而言,它揭示了一种外在关系论和效果论;就人类的道德而言,它有效地防范了实践理性中的神秘主义和经验主义;就人的法权而言,它构成了人类永久和平的理论保障;就宗教而言,它为人类克服本性中的"根本恶"倾向提供了一个可行的方案,并由此为人类的永久和平提供了另一种终极性的支持。

Kant clearly points out in his Critique of Pure Reason that his doctrine of things-in-themselves is a great gift for "all future times",which shows he associates this doctrine with the future of humanity.The relationship between the doctrine of things-in-themselves and the future of humanity has four meanings:in so far as human cognition,it reveals a theory of external relationship and a theory of effect;in so far as human morality,it effectively guards against the mysticism and empiricism of practical reason;in so far as human rights,it constitutes the theoretical guarantee of the permanent peace of humanity;in so far as religion,it provides a feasible solution for humanity to overcome the tendency of "radical evil" in human nature,which provides another kind of ultimate support for the permanent peace of humanity.