新中国成立70年就业发展历程与未来展望

The Employment Development Process and Future Prospect during 70 Years since the Founding of P. R. China

新中国成立以来,我国就业发展经历了化解失业,统包统配,劳动合同制度改革,劳动力流动有序化及下岗职工再就业,积极就业政策体系的形成、发展与完善,以及就业优先政策实施等六个发展阶段。根据不同时期经济社会发展阶段特征和就业形势任务,提出相应的就业方针,实现失业风险有效防控治理,就业局势保持长期总体稳定,探索并形成了具有中国特色的就业理论与政策体系。未来我国就业仍面临劳动力人口总量大、新科技革命就业压力大、新就业形态失业风险大、外部环境对就业结构影响大等挑战,亟需以更充分和更高质量就业为基础,积极落实就业优先政策,化解就业结构性矛盾,增强就业发展新动能,引导就业稳定发展。

Since the founding of P.R.China,the employment development in China has undergone such phases as(1)people waiting for a job provided by the government,(2)centralized labor allocation system,(3)labor contract system reform,(4)labor force mobility in an orderly way and reemployment of laid-off workers,(5)formation,development and improvement of the active employment policy system,and(6)implementation of policies with employment as a priority.In line with the characteristics of economic and social development and tasks in different employment situations during different periods,specific employment policies were put forward to effectively prevent and control unemployment risks,as a result,the employment situation remained relatively stable for a long period of time during whichthe employment theory and policy system with Chinese characteristics were explored and formed.In the future,China’s employment will face the challenges of a huge number in total labor force,high pressure from the scientific and technological revolution,high risks of unemployment in new employment forms,and a big impact on the employment structure from the external environment.In line with achievement of high quality jobs and full employment,it is urgently needed to steer the employment towards a stable development while implementing employment priority policies,resolving structural contradictionsand strengthening the new momentum of employment development.