涝渍胁迫对苗期棉花生长的影响及涝后修复技术研究

Effect of Waterlogged Stress on Growth of Cotton at Seedling Stage and Repair Technology Research after Waterlogging

江汉平原是涝渍灾害频发且比较严重的地区,棉花在江汉平原上栽培范围较广但忌涝渍,因而有效进行棉花涝渍防治对保证其产量和品质有着重要意义.通过模拟棉花受涝胁迫环境,之后叶面喷施几种植物生长调节物质与肥料不同配比的修复剂来探讨涝渍胁迫对苗期棉花生长及最终产量的影响及涝后修复技术.研究发现,在涝渍胁迫条件下,苗期棉花叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿素含量一直呈下降趋势,影响了棉花的光合作用,最终影响了棉花产量.涝渍胁迫对苗期棉花真叶数的多少无显著影响.丙二醛(MDA)含量随涝渍时间的延长逐渐升高,表明细胞膜受伤害程度加大,影响了棉花叶片细胞活性.涝后对棉花施用修复剂能显著提高棉花植株高、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数值,加快MDA含量降低,显著提高棉花伏桃、秋桃数以及最终产量,其中喷施含有脱落酸(ABA)的修复剂对棉花的修复效果最为突出,这可能和脱落酸能改善植物某些生理活动的特性有关.

Waterlogged disaster happens frequently and seriously in Jianghan Plain.Cotton cultivation is wider but cotton doesn't like waterlogging in Jianghan Plain.So effective prevention and control of cotton waterlogging has important significance to ensure its yield and quality.By simulating waterlogging stress environment for cotton,this experiment is conducted.After waterlogged processing,repair agents of plant growth regulating substances with different kinds and proportion of fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves in order to discuss waterlogged stress influence on seedling growth and final production of cotton.The results show that the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters value and chlorophyll content of cotton at seedling stage have a trend of decline,which affects the photosynthesis and cotton production eventually for the crop under the waterlogging stress condition.Waterlogging stress has no significant effect on the number of cotton leave at seedling stage.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)increases with the increasing of waterlogging time,this shows that injury degree of cell membrane increasing,further affects the cotton leaf cell activity.The research results show that the applying plant grow regulators can increase significantly the cotton plant height,chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters value,reduce rapidly MDA content,and increase significantly the number of summer flower bud and autumn flower bud,as well as the final flooded cotton yield.Repair effect of spraying the regulator with abscisic acid(ABA)on flooded cotton is the most significant,this might have the relation with some features of improving physiological activities of plant with abscisic acid.