介孔二氧化硅在药物递送系统及其体内外研究进展

Research Progress on Mesoporous Silica in Drug Delivery System and in vitro/in vivo

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒因比表面积大、孔隙率高、介孔结构可调、表面易修饰等特点,近年来在生物医学领域受到广泛的关注。介孔二氧化硅作为一种新型载体,相比于传统的纳米载体不仅可以改善难溶性药物的溶解度,有效地提高药物的生物利用度,还可以通过修饰或包覆功能性物质实现对肿瘤细胞的靶向性及控制药物的吸附、释放,且其稳定的框架结构可以递送和保护核酸分子,达到基因治疗的目的。然而,要将介孔二氧化硅纳米粒应用于临床,还需要做进一步的工作来预测和评估潜在的毒性和不良反应,明确介孔二氧化硅纳米粒在体内的吸收、分布、代谢、排泄及生物相容性和毒性,以确保其在患者中的有效性和安全性。综述了介孔二氧化硅纳米粒在药物递送系统及基因治疗的应用,着重介绍了靶向型介孔二氧化硅以及刺激响应型介孔二氧化硅的一些研究成果,并对介孔二氧化硅的药物代谢动力学、生物相容性和毒性的研究情况进行了深入的总结,旨为介孔二氧化硅在生物医学的应用提供参考。

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are widely concerned in biomedical field in recent years due to their specific characteristics,including large specific surface area,high porosity,adjustable mesoporous structure and easy surface modification.As a novel carrier,mesoporous silica can not only improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs and effectively improve the bioavailability of drugs,but achieve the targeting of tumor cells by modifying or coating functional substances and control the adsorption and release of drug.Its stable framework structure can deliver and protect nucleic acid molecules for gene therapy purposes.However,in the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles to the clinic,further work is needed to predict and assess potential toxicity and adverse reactions,to clarify their absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,biocompatibility and toxicity in vivo for ensuring their availability and safety in patients.This paper reviews the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery system and gene therapy,mainly focuses on the research results on targeted and stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica,as well as deeply summarizes the pharmacokinetics,biocompatibility and toxicity of mesoporous silica,aiming at providing a reference for the application of mesoporous silica in biomedicine.