寄生虫感染与1型糖尿病(T1DM)的相关性研究进展

Research progress on the relationship between parasitic infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)是一种全球范围内流行的自身免疫性疾病,给社会和家庭带来沉重的负担。T1DM的发生发展是由遗传和环境因素共同决定的。"卫生假说"认为自身免疫性疾病发病率的上升与卫生条件改善、机体接触病原体减少有关,而寄生虫作为一类能够参与宿主免疫应答调节的病原体,多项动物实验都证实其有防治T1DM的作用。除了辅助性T细胞(helper T cell,Th)和调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg),一些固有免疫细胞,如树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)、自然杀伤T细胞(natural killer T cell,NKT)和替代性活化巨噬细胞(alternatively activated macrophage,AAMφ),参与寄生虫免疫调节的过程近年来也受到重视。本文基于以往动物实验结果就寄生虫治疗T1DM的研究现状、分子机制及应用前景作一综述。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1 DM)is a globally prevalent autoimmune disease that places a heavy burden on society and families.The development of T1 DM is determined by genetic and environmental factors.The"hygiene hypothesis"believes that the increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases is related to the improvement of sanitary conditions and the reduction of pathogens in the body.As a class of pathogens that can participate in the regulation of host immune responses,parasites have been shown to have a role in the prevention and treatment of T1 DM in many animal experiments.In addition to helper T cells(Th)and regulatory T cells(Treg),some innate immune cells such as dendritic cells(DC),natural killer T cells(NKT)and alternatively activated macrophages(AMMφ)involved in the regulation of parasite immunity have also received attention in recent years.Based on the results of previous animal experiments,this paper reviews the research status,molecular mechanism and application prospects of parasitic treatment of T1 DM.