体育活动对青少年攻击行为的影响：自我控制的中介效应

The impact of sports activities on adolescent aggressive behavior: mediating effect of self-control

目的:探讨体育活动与青少年攻击行为的关系及自我控制的中介效应。方法:采用国际身体活动问卷、自我控制量表、攻击行为问卷等测量工具,对某中学高一年级333名学生进行调查。结果:(1)青少年体育活动量与敌意存在显著负相关,与总体攻击、身体攻击、言语攻击、愤怒之间相关不显著;男女生的体育活动量与敌意均呈显著负相关;(2)青少年体育活动量与总体自我控制、工作或学习表现、健康习惯、抵制诱惑之间呈显著正相关,与冲动控制、节制娱乐相关不显著;男女生的体育活动量与工作或学习表现均呈显著正相关,且男生的体育活动量与总体自我控制、工作或学习表现、抵制诱惑呈显著正相关;(3)青少年自我控制与总体攻击、身体攻击、言语攻击、愤怒和敌意均呈显著负相关,青少年总体攻击与冲动控制、工作或学习表现、健康习惯、节制娱乐、抵制诱惑呈显著的负相关;(4)自我控制在体育活动与敌意之间起着完全中介作用(β=-0.065,p>0.05)。结论:(1)青少年体育活动达到高等水平,男生的体育活动量高于女生;青少年自我控制能力处于中等水平,男生的自我控制能力高于女生;青少年攻击行为处于偏低程度,男女生没有性别上的显著差异;(2)体育活动可以有效预防和降低青少年攻击行为,减少青少年攻击行为的发生,可从提升自我控制来实现。

Objective:this paper explores the relationship of physical activities,adolescent aggressive behavior and mediating effect of self-control.Methods:This study surveys 333 senior high school students in grade one with the international physical activity questionnaire,self-control scale and aggressive behavior questionnaire.Results:(1)There is a significant negative correlation between the amount of physical activities and hostility of adolescents but non-significant with overall aggression,physical aggression,verbal aggression anger.There is a significant negative correlation between the amount of physical activity and hostility of boys and girls.(2)There is a significant positive correlation among the amount of physical activity and overall self-control of adolescents,work or learning performance,health habits and temptation resistance,but non-significant correlation with impulse control and recreation control.There is a significant positive correlation between the amount of physical activity and work or learning performance of boys and girls,and the amount of physical activity of boys and selfcontrol,work or learning performance and temptation resistance are positively correlated.(3)Adolescents’selfcontrol was negatively correlated with aggression,physical aggression,verbal aggression,anger and hostility,while adolescents’aggression was negatively correlated with impulse control,work or learning performance,health habits,entertainment restraint and temptation resistance.(4)Regression analysis shows that self-control plays a complete mediating role between sports activities and hostility(β=-0.065,p>0.05).Conclusion:(1)Adolescents’amount of sports activity reaches a high level,and the amount of physical activities of boys is higher than girls’.Adolescents’self-control ability is at a medium level,and boys’self-control ability is higher than girls’.Adolescents’aggressive behavior is at a low level,and there is no significant difference between boys and girls.(2)Sports activities can effectively prevent and reduce adolescents’aggressive behavior.In order to reduce the occurrence of adolescents’aggressive behavior which can make it come true by improve self-control.