国外生态系统服务的科学意义及其价值评估研究进展

The research progress of scientific significance of ecosystem services and its value assessment in foreign countries

生态系统是人类生存的支持系统,它为人类提供了一系列至关重要的服务,这就是生态系统服务(ES)。学者对它提出了各种不同的定义。尽管ES对人类如此重要,但是,自现代环境保护运动开展40年来,全球生命支持系统仍然呈下降劣势,人类世的压力已经危及全球环境且处于突发巨变的危险中。在现代经济学框架中,ES被列入资本的概念内,包括自然资本、建造资本、人力资本和社会资本。自然资本必须与其它3类资本结合才能产生“流量”,以提供给人类所需的物品和服务。生态系统服务分类被区分为:供应服务、调节服务、社会(或文化)服务及支持服务,上述4类资本和4类服务构成了生态系统服务学的核心。本研究在理念上体现了生态与经济、自然资本与货币以及自然与人类3方面的整合。

The ecosystem is a support system for human survival.It provides a series of vital services for humans.It is ecosystem services(ES).Scholars have proposed various definitions of it.Despite the fact that ES is so important to mankind,the global life support system has been at a disadvantage since the modern environmental protection movement began 40 years ago.The pressure of the Anthropocene has endangered the global environment and is in danger of sudden changes.In the framework of modern economics,ES is included in the concept of capital,including natural capital,construction capital,human capital and social capital.Natural capital must be combined with other three types of capital to generate“flow”to provide people with the goods and services they need.Furthermore,the classification of ecosystem services is divided into supply services,regulatory services,social(or cultural)services and support services.The above four types of capital and four types of services constitute the core of ecosystem services..This article embodies the integration of ecology and economy,natural capital and currency,and nature and human.