河湖生态缓冲带政策框架设计研究

Research on policy framework design of river-lake eco-buffer zone

近年来,长江经济带地表水环境质量改善成效显著,化学需氧量、氨氮等污染状况得到了明显好转。但是,氮、磷污染问题逐步凸显,并已成为长江等重点流域的主要污染因子。在"减排污"系列措施的实施、生态环境质量改善空间不断缩窄的情况下,"扩容量"的重要性开始显现。详细梳理了长江经济带区域水生态环境保护过程中存在的问题,论证了河湖生态缓冲带作为"扩容量"措施之一的重要性和必要性;同时,基于对国外实践经验和研究成果的总结,结合我国现行的政策体系,详细分析了河湖生态缓冲带政策工具的分类、实施对象、技术方法和建设管理要求等方面的问题。在此基础上,初步提出了政策框架设计构想,为下一步按照相关上位法规政策要求,在长江经济带推行河湖生态缓冲带政策提供决策参考。

In recent years, China’s surface water environment quality has been improved remarkably, situation of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen pollution has been improved significantly, but total nitrogen and total phosphorus pollution problems have gradually become prominent, and have become the major pollutants in the Yangtze River basins. With the implement of series policies of "reducing sewage release" and successive shrinkage of ecological environment capacity, the importance of "environmental capacity expansion" starts to get more attention. In this paper, the existing problems of water eco-environmental protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are sorted out in detail, and the importance and necessity of the river-lake eco-buffer zone, one of the "capacity expansion" measures, are demonstrated. At the same time, based on the summary of practical experience and research results, combined with the current policy system in China, the classification of policy tools, implementation targets and technical methods of the river-lake eco-buffer zone are analyzed in depth. The conceptual design of policy framework is put forward preliminarily to provide decision-making reference for the implementation of the eco-buffer zone policy within Yangtze River Economic Belt.