水位快速变动下白格堰塞湖水位监测方法

Water level monitoring method of Baige barrier lake under rapid change of water level

水位是水文应急监测最基本、最重要的观测要素之一。白格堰塞湖水位监测环境恶劣,水情复杂。采用多种水位监测手段,取得了堰塞湖形成至采取工程措施泄流溃坝后的完整水位监测资料。针对堰塞湖溃坝后下游水位快速变动条件,创新性地提出了基于无协作目标全站仪水位预判监测法:水位上涨时预先测量高出水面一定高度目标的高程值,待水位上涨至该高程时记录相应时间;水位下降时,先记录水位对应的时刻,后观测相应时刻的高程值。该方法实现了水位快速变动条件下的有效水位监测,保证水位值与相应时间的匹配性。利用该法进行白格堰塞湖下游60 km叶巴滩水位站水位监测,取得了超大洪水、高流速、水位快速变动条件下的水位连续变化过程,收集了罕见条件下水文应急监测基础资料。采用无协作目标全站仪预判法进行水位应急监测,方法行之有效,可保障人员设备安全,水位监测成果可靠、精度高,丰富了水位应急监测的手段。

Water level is one of the most basic and important observation elements in hydrological emergency monitoring. The water level monitoring environment of Baige barrier lake is harsh and the water regime is complex. The complete monitoring data of water level from the formation of barrier lake to dam break by engineering measures were obtained. In the light of the condition of rapid rising of downstream water level after dam break of barrier lake, an innovative water level pre-judgment and monitoring method based on non-cooperative target total station is proposed, i.e, the elevation value of a certain height target above the water level is measured before the water level rises, the corresponding time is recorded when the water level rises to the elevation, and the corresponding time is recorded when the water level falls, then the elevation value is observed, so as to realize the effective water level monitoring under the condition of rapid change of the water level, and ensure that the water level value matches the corresponding time. The method was used to monitor the water level of Yebatan water level station at 60 km downstream of Baige barrier lake. The continuous change process of water level under the conditions of super flood, high velocity and rapid change of water level was obtained. The basic data of hydrological emergency monitoring under rare hydrological conditions are collected. The non-cooperative target total station pre-judgment method is effective used for emergency monitoring of water level and can ensure the safety of personnel and equipment and the results of water level monitoring are reliable and accurate, which enriches the means of emergency monitoring of water level.