寒区水工结构新型防冰冻技术研究

Research on new anti-freezing technology for hydraulic structures in cold region

冰冻破坏是寒区水工结构常见的病害,影响水工结构的正常运行和耐久性。目前常用的防冰冻技术如压力水射流法和压力空气吹泡法等存在设备成本高、运行能耗大的缺点。为解决以上问题,在综合分析各种防冰冻技术优缺点的基础上,首次提出了风机吹泡法防冰冻技术,即在现有压缩空气吹泡法的基础上,使用大风量、低能耗的离心式风机取代传统的低风量、高能耗的空气压缩机。工程实践表明:该技术实现了防冰冻装置的低能耗运行,能耗降至现有技术的1/10,同时大幅度降低了防冰冻装置制造成本,造价约为压力水射流法的1/3、压缩空气吹泡法的1/10。基于风机吹泡法防冰冻技术,应用模块化设计理念,研制出适合寒区水工结构防冰冻装置,通过一系列室内试验和现场试验,实现了防冰冻装置低成本、低能耗、绿色化和自动化的技术目标。

Freezing damage is a common disease for hydraulic structures in cold regions, which affects the normal operation and durability of hydraulic structures. At present, the commonly used anti-freezing technologies, such as pressure water jet method and air compressor blowing method, have the shortcomings of high equipment cost and high energy consumption. In order to solve the above problems, based on the comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of various anti-freezing technologies, the anti-freezing technology of centrifugal blower blowing method was put forward for the first time. On the basis of air compressor blowing method, the centrifugal air blower with high air volume and low energy consumption was used to replace the traditional air compressor of low air volume and high energy consumption. The technology realized low energy consumption operation of the anti-freezing device, and the energy consumption reduced to 1/10 of the existing technology. At the same time, the manufacturing cost of the anti-freezing device greatly decreased, which was about 1/3 of the pressure water jet method and 1/10 of the air compressor blowing method. Based on the anti-freezing technology of centrifugal blower blowing method and the modular design concept, an anti-freezing device for hydraulic structures in cold regions was developed. Through a series of indoor and field tests, the technical objectives of low cost, low energy consumption, environment-friendly and automation of the anti-freezing device were achieved.