论章太炎的汉学论

On Zhang Taiyan’s Critiques on Qianjia Confucianism

章太炎是乾嘉思想的继承者,其对于乾嘉汉学的论述成为后世理解清代哲学的规范。章氏的汉学论囿于固定的理论前见,对乾嘉汉学的兴起原因及其义理洞见存在误读。乾嘉汉学有着不同于理学的哲学话语,它认为人是有限性的存在,以血气心知为性;注重情理,反对洁净空阔的天理世界观,主张回到生活世界;通过絜矩之道,反对孤零零的个体,主张人伦是常道。乾嘉汉学对克服主体性哲学的弊端有着重要的意义,与章太炎的主体性哲学批判有共通之处。

Zhang Taiyan is an important successor of the Qianjia Confucianism,whose critiques have great influences on the interpretation of the Qianjia School.With his particular philosophical perspective,Zhang Taiyan emphasizes the Qianjia School s academic achievements but ignores its insights on philosophy.Compared with Neo-Confucianism,the Qianjia scholars have a different understanding on philosophy and Confucius:they concede the finiteness of human being;they concern feelings as the essence of human nature instead of rationality.The Qianjia scholars place a high ontological priority on everyday life as opposed to Neo-Confucianism s transcendental ideology of Tianli.Zhang Taiyan and the Qianjia scholars have something in common in philosophy,which is supposed to overcome the weakness of the subjective philosophy.