新中国70年企业制度的演变历程与发展取向

The Evolution Course and Development Trend of China’s Enterprise System in 70 Years

新中国成立后,企业制度的演变经历了改革开放前后两个大的阶段。改革开放前,中国企业制度实现了从不同所有制企业制度并存向与计划经济体制相匹配的、以公有制经济为主导的微观结构的转变。改革开放后,又逐步从公有制经济主导的企业制度向与社会主义市场经济体制相匹配的、多种所有制并存的微观结构的转变。回顾70年实践历程,中国企业制度的演化是围绕确保企业的生产性功能这一核心问题展开的,在不同时代环境条件下,需要寻找支撑企业生产性功能的制度与其他相关的社会制度之间彼此适应的平衡点。中国企业制度的发展取向:一是平衡好日益壮大的混合经济内部不同所有制经济成份之间的关系;二是平衡好一系列界定政府与企业之间复杂的权益关系的制度安排;三是平衡好坚持国情特性与趋同国际规律二者的关系。

The evolution of Chinese enterprise system has gone through two stages. The first stage is before the reform and opening-up, during which the Chinese enterprise system realized the micro-structure transformation from the coexistence of different forms of ownership enterprise system to the public-owned enterprise system which was dominated by state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises. The second stage is after the reform and opening up, China began to change its micro-structure from the form of public-owned enterprise system to the coexistence of various forms of ownership enterprise system. The 70 years of evolution of Chinese modern enterprise system is centered on the core issue of ensuring the productive function of enterprises. Under different conditions, it is necessary to find a balance between the system supporting productive functions of enterprises and other related social systems. The evolution of China’s enterprise system in future: Firstly, finding the reasonable composition of mixed ownership economy and treating all kinds of enterprises equally;Secondly, regulating institutional connections between government and enterprises to improve the competitiveness of business environment;And thirdly, balancing the relationship between the characteristics of the state and the international practice.