中国农村产权制度改革历程与新时代实践

The Reform Course of China’s Rural Property Rights System and Its Practice In the New Era

中国农村改革始终围绕着不断落实和保护农民产权而进行,从实施"农民土地所有权、三级集体所有、家庭联产承包责任制"等,到"三权分置""土地确权",经历了五个阶段的改革和发展,对新时代深化农村产权制度改革具有重要的启示作用。新时代,我国农村产权制度改革存在农村新型经济组织法律主体地位缺失等困境。为此,应通过完善相关法律法规、引入共享经济模式盘活农村空置住宅、发展农村社区股份合作社、减轻新型经济组织和农民税费负担、加快对新型集体经济组织进行顶层设计等举措深化农村产权改革,补齐农村发展短板,促进乡村振兴。

Chinese rural reform is such process that is always based on implementing and protecting constantly farmers’ property rights. It experienced five-stage reforms and developments, from the "peasants land ownership, three-level collective ownership, the household contract responsibility system" to "three-power division", "land approval". This process plays a significant enlightenment in intensifying the reform of rural property rights system. The reform of rural property right system in the new era also exits some difficulties, such as loss of legal subject status and other problems. Therefore,we should completethe relevant laws and regulations, introduce the shared economy patterns and revitalize the rural vacant homes, develop the rural community joint-stock cooperative, reduce the tax burden of new economic organizations and peasants,and make some measures to deepen the reform of rural property, such as performing top-level design for new type of collective economic organizations, supplying completely the short board of rural development, promoting rural revitalization.