梦传验方:宋代神授方的新变及其医药文化价值

Dream-hinting the prescriptions verified: new changes of prescriptions imparted by immortals in Song Dynasty and their cultural value of medicine

神授方是一种独特的医方类型,其叙述模式在宋代出现了新变,由不叙梦境、缺少情节转向宗教梦境故事与民间验方融于一体,从而具有传医与传教的双重功能.这种新变,先见于宋代笔记,后进入宋代医籍.以洪迈《夷坚志》为例,分析其11则神祇托梦所授医方,发现其组方皆符合药性医理,均被其后的医籍引用.考其用心,神祇托梦的神异情节旨在强调医方来源的神圣性及疗效的神奇性.其中一些医方属于宋代笔记首次记载,其医药文化价值当放到中国医药学史中去客观判定.

Prescription imparted by immortals is a unique type of medical prescription .Its narrative mode changed in Song Dynasty .The mode changed from non-narrative dream and lacking of plot to integra-tion of religious dream stories and folk prescriptions , thus it had dual functions:spreading medicine and do-ing missionary work .This new change first appeared in the notes of the Song Dynasty , and then entered the medical books of the Song Dynasty .Taking Hong Mai's Yi Jian Zhi(夷坚志, The Records of Yi Jian) as an example, by analyzing 11 prescriptions imparted by immortals in dreams , it was found that their prescrip-tions conformed to pharmacology and were cited by subsequent medical books .The intentions behind the di-vine plot of god ' s presence in dreams , were to emphasize the sanctity of the source of prescriptions and the magical efficacy .Some of them were first recorded in notes of the Song Dynasty , and their cultural value of medicine should be objectively evaluated in the history of Chinese medicine .