三大药堂药目所见清代杭州成药业经营特色

Insights into Hangzhou patent medicine industry business characteristics in Qing dynasty from drug indexes of three large pharmacies

药目是研究古代成药业的重要资料.通过比较嘉庆十年(1805)的《张同泰丸散膏丹全录》、咸丰四年(1854)和同治五年(1866)的《叶种德堂丹丸全录》、光绪三年(1877)的《胡庆余堂丸散膏丹全集》4种药目,探析清代杭州成药业的经营特点.张同泰堂、叶种德堂、胡庆余堂3家药堂有善用古方、剂型丰富、重视商德、强调质量、经营灵活、注重露剂等共性特色,而在品类和经营等方面又各具个性.

Drug Indexes are of significance for investigation on ancient patent medicine industry.Herein,we compared Zhang Tongtai Wan San Gao Dan Quanlu(10th year of Jiaqing Reign,1805),Ye Zhongde Tang Dan Wan Quanlu(4th year of Xianfeng Reign,1854 and 5th year of Tongzhi Reign,1866)and Hu Qingyu Tang Wan San Gao Dan Quanji(3th year of Guangxu Reign,1877)to illustrate the business features of Hangzhou patent medicine industry in Qing Dynasty.The three pharmacies,Zhang Tongtai Tang,Ye Zhongde Tang and Hu Qingyu Tang,were all adept in utilizing ancient prescriptions that contained vari-ous preparations,emphasized commercial ethics and product qualities,distributed their products in flexible pattern and focused on distillation formula.Moreover,each of the three pharmacies exhibited their own characteristics in product types and commercialization.