云南大叶种茶树种质资源主要成分多样性分析

Analysis of Main Component Diversity of Yunnan Big-Leaf Tea Germplasm Resources

茶叶的生化成分是决定茶叶品质的物质基础。本研究以18份云南大叶种茶树资源为供试材料,通过制作蒸青样检测芽叶的四项常规成分和儿茶素组分。结果显示,水浸出物变化幅度为48.8%~50.9%,全部为高水浸出物茶种资源;氨基酸总量变化幅度为2.7%~4.9%,高氨基酸总量(>3.0%)的有12份,占总资源的66.67%;咖啡碱变化幅度为3.4%~5.1%,高咖啡碱含量(>4.0%)的有6份,占总资源的33.33%;茶多酚变化幅度为20.8%~30.9%,高茶多酚含量(>30.0%)的有1份,占总资源的5.56%。EC含量变幅为0.71%~3.32%,非酯型儿茶素变幅为2.65%~8.12%;酯型儿茶素变幅为8.92%~16.88%,儿茶素总量变幅为12.03%~22.22%,变异系数分别为45.87%、24.28%、12.86%、12.67%,说明18份茶种资源具有较好的遗传多样性。酚氨比可作为茶树品种适制性的评价指标,其中12份种质适制绿茶(酚氨比<8.00),占总资源数的66.67%;6份适合红绿茶兼制,占总资源数的33.33%。

The biochemical components of tea are the material basis determining the quality.With 18 Yunnan big-leaf tea resources as experiment materials,four routine components and catechinic acid ingredients in bud leaves were determined by making steam tea samples.The results showed that the aqueous extract ranged from 48.8%to 50.9%,and all were the tea resources with high aqueous extract.The amino acid varied from 2.7%to 4.9%,among which,12 germplasms had high content(>3.0%)occupying 66.67%of the total resources.The caffeine ranged from 3.4%to 5.1%,and 6 germplasms had high content(>4.0%)with a proportion of 33.33%of the total germplasms.The tea polyphenol varied from 20.8%to 30.9%,and one germplasm had high content(>30.0%),occupying 5.56%of the total germplasms.The variation amplitude of EC content,non-ester catechins,ester catechins and total catechins were 0.71%~3.32%,2.65%~8.12%,8.92%~16.88%and 12.03%~22.22%,respectively,with the variable coefficients as 45.87%,24.28%,12.86%and 12.67%respectively.The 18 germplasms showed better genetic diversity.The phenol-amino ratio could be as the biochemical index for manufacture suitability.Based on it,12 germplasms were suitable for processing green tea(with the phenol-amino ratio lower than 8.00%)occupying 66.67%of the total germplasms,while 6 resources were suitable for both black and green tea occupying 33.33%of the total.