洛阳烟区土壤养分状况与分布特征分析

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Status and Distribution Features in Luoyang Tobacco-Growing Areas

2019年定点采集河南省洛阳烟区8个植烟县259份土壤样品,分析评价了该区植烟土壤养分丰缺状况及各植烟县的分布特征。结果表明,洛阳烟区全市植烟土壤速效氮平均含量为65.78 mg/kg,整体处在适宜-偏高水平;土壤速效磷平均含量为18.62 mg/kg,整体处在偏低-适宜水平;土壤速效钾平均含量为237.18 mg/kg,整体处在适宜-丰富水平。洛阳烟区土壤养分具有变异度大,分布不均匀的特点。其中,洛宁、宜阳、伊川县烟田土壤速效氮含量处于偏高水平,烟叶生产中应注意控制氮肥施用量,而汝阳县有部分烟田速效氮含量处于偏低水平,在烟田施肥中应适当增加氮肥用量;孟津、洛宁、汝阳、嵩县、伊川、新安县部分烟田土壤速效磷含量偏低,烟田施肥中应考虑增加磷肥用量;汝阳、孟津有少部分烟田土壤速效钾含量偏低,烟田施肥中应可适当增加钾肥用量。研究结果建议洛阳烟区应考虑烤烟品种和土壤养分特征,因地制宜地确定烟叶的施肥量和施肥比例。

A total of 259 soil samples from tobacco growing area of eight counties of Luoyang City in 2019 were analyzed to study the status of soil nutrient abundance and deficiency and distribution feature.The results showed that average available nitrogen content of all soil samples in Luoyang City was 65.78 mg/kg,which was in the range of medium to slightly higher according to the standard of soil nutrient for tobacco growing.The average available phosphorus content of all soil samples was 18.62 mg/kg,which was in the range of slightly lower to medium.The average available potassium content of all soil samples was 237.18 mg/kg,which was in the range of medium to rich.The soil nutrient in Luoyang City had the characteristics of large variability and uneven distribution.The soil available nitrogen content in Luoning,Yiyang and Yichuan were at the very high level,and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately controlled in tobacco production,while the available nitrogen content of some plots in Ruyang was at a low level,the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased.The content of available phosphorus in some plots in Mengjin,Luoning,Ruyang,Songxian,Yichuan and Xin’an were at the low level,and the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be appropriately increased.The content of available potassium in Ruyang and Mengjin were at the low level,and the application of potassium fertilizer should be increased appropriately.The results suggested that the fertilizer application rate and fertilization ratio in tobacco growing areas of Luoyang City should consider tobacco variety and soil fertility characteristics.