快速上浮脱险装备性能试验极限安全深度的理论推算

Derivation of the safety depth limit of fast buoyancy ascent escape for manned testing of submarine escape equipment

目的以失事沉没潜艇幸存艇员逃生为目的的快速上浮脱险容忍高风险,探索可耐受减压负荷极限的快速上浮脱险深度,为装备性能试验安全深度极限设定提供支持。方法以美国海军潜水手册等文献报道的不减压潜水极限时间和快速上浮脱险安全时间作为参照,用暴露时间与深度的函数(SPdt)、总暴露时间和出水氮张力比较推算可耐受减压负荷的快速上浮脱险深度范围。结果以美国海军潜水手册的不减压潜水极限时间为参照,采用SPdt时间计算对应深度为130~140 m,采用暴露总时间计算对应安全深度为110~120 m;以我国海军空气潜水减压表的最大氮张力2.40为参照,安全深度为110~120 m;以近期的不减压潜水极限时间研究结果作为参照,安全深度应为90~100 m。结论在讨论快速上浮脱险高气压暴露过程减压负荷估计的特殊性基础上,为确保装备性能和试验人员的健康与安全,建议深度不应大于100 m。

Objective To investigate the intolerable safety depth limit of fast buoyancy ascent escape, and also to provide technical support for the setting of safety depth limit in the testing of related equipment.Methods With the non-decompression diving depth limit and safety limit for fast buoyancy ascent escape from the US Diving Manual and other literature reports, the tolerable depth limit for fast buoyancy ascent escape was calculated by using total exposure time and the function of depth, and surface nitrogen tention.Results With the non-decompression diving depth time of the US Navy Diving Manual as a reference, the relevant safety depth limit by SPdt time was within 130-140 meters;the equivalent safety depth limit by total exposure time was within 110-120 meters;and with the maximum nitrogen tension(2.40) of the Chinese Navy Air Diving Decompression Table as a reference, the safety depth limit was also within 110-120 meters. However, if recent research results concerning non-decompression diving depth time were applied as a reference, the safety depth limit should be within 90-100 meters.Conclusion In the light of the specificity of decompression load in the course of fast buoyancy ascent escape, the recommended safety depth should not be over 100 meters, so that the health and safety of the personnel involved in the testing of related equipment could be ensured.