德国长期护理保险及其筹资机制经验对我国的启示

The Enlightenment of Germany’s Experience in Constructing Long-term Care Insurance and Its Financing Mechanism

我国进入老龄化社会,失能老人生活照料问题日益突出,这一现象逐渐上升为社会问题。在此背景下,2016年人力资源和社会保障部出台的《关于开展长期护理保险制度试点的指导意见》为长期护理保险在我国试点地区的发展提供了相应的政策依据。长期护理保险的可持续发展离不开科学合理的筹资机制。德国自1994年建立长期护理保险制度至今已有26年,其成熟的筹资经验值得我国借鉴与学习。本文从参保对象、受益对象、筹资责任、筹资渠道、筹资水平、筹资模式及护理服务的费用结构七个方面介绍德国长护险筹资机制;并在与德国的比较中,阐述我国构建长期护理保险筹资机制的现状和不足,提出借鉴德国经验,完善我国长护险筹资机制的政策建议。

In China’s aging society, the problem of life care for disabled elderly people has become increasingly prominent, and this phenomenon has gradually risen to social problems. In this context, the"Guiding Opinions on Pilotin the Long-Term Care Insurance System"issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in 2016 provides a corresponding policy basis for the development of long-term care insurance in pilot areas of China. The sustainable development of long-term care insurance is inseparable from the scientific and rational financing mechanism. Germany has established a long-term care insurance system in 1994 for 26 years, and it’s experience in financing could benefit us a lot.This paper introduces the financing mechanism of German long-term insurance from seven aspects:the participants, the beneficiaries, the financing responsibility, the financing channel, the financing level,the financing model and the cost structure of nursing service. In the comparison with Germany, it expounds the status and deficiency of China’s long-term care insurance financing mechanism. Based on German’s experience, we come up with proposals to impetus the development of financing mechanism of China’s long-term care insurance.