不起诉契约的实务检视及适用规制

Practical Review and Applicable Regulations of Non-prosecution Contract

不起诉契约的适用在司法实践中存在一定乱象,主要表现为不起诉契约的适用范围扩大、效力认定分歧以及内容模糊、形式失范。不起诉契约乃当事人拟定的诉权处分合同。当事人享有选择民事纠纷解决方式之自由是处分权主义的应有之义,应承认不起诉契约具有诉讼法上的效力。基于对当事人司法裁判请求权的保护、维护审判资源合理配置等因素的考量,应对不起诉契约的适用范围进行严格限制。在原告起诉后,被告可向法院提出不起诉契约已经生效的抗辩,若不起诉契约成立并符合生效要件,法院应裁定驳回起诉。不起诉契约具备欺诈、胁迫等瑕疵事由时,可适用民事合同规则进行处理。

The application of non-prosecution contract in judicial practice has some chaotic phenomena,mainly manifested in the expansion of the scope of non-prosecution contract,the divergence of validity determination,the ambiguity of content and the anomie of form.The contract of non-prosecution is a contract of disposition of litigation right drawn up by the parties.The freedom of the parties to choose the way to settle civil disputes is the proper meaning of decentralization,and the non-prosecution contract should be recognized as having the effect of procedural law.Considering the protection of the parties’ right to request judicial judgment and the reasonable allocation of trial resources,the scope of application of non-prosecution contract should be strictly restricted.After the plaintiff brings a lawsuit,the defendant may raise a defense to the court that the non-prosecution contract has come into effect.If the non-prosecution contract is established and meets the requirements of coming into effect,the court shall rule to dismiss the lawsuit.When the non-prosecution contract has the reasons of invalidity and revocation,the rules of civil contract should be applied to deal with it.