开放性运动锻炼老年人视空间工作记忆优势的机制研究

The Mechanism of the Advantage of Open-skill Exercisers on Visuospatial Working Memory in Older Adults

目的:前期研究已证明,开放性运动锻炼老年人的视空间工作记忆能力更优,表现为具有更好的存储子成分功能,但该优势的成因尚不明确,故本研究将进一步探讨开放性运动锻炼老年人视空间工作记忆存储优势的原因。方法:采用横断设计,使用《锻炼方式问卷》和《国际体力活动问卷》对老年人的运动锻炼方式进行调查,根据调查结果,将被试归入开放性锻炼、闭锁性锻炼和久坐无锻炼3个分组中。对各组被试进行视空间信息消退任务和干扰任务测试,以验证开放性运动锻炼老年人视空间工作记忆存储优势是由于其具有更好抵抗信息自然衰退,还是更好地抵抗无关信息干扰的能力。结果:在视空间信息消退任务中,各组被试的正确率和反应时均无显著差异,而在视空间信息干扰任务中,开放性运动锻炼老年人的正确率显著高于久坐组(P<0.05),各组被试反应时无显著差异。结论:开放性运动锻炼老年人在抵抗信息自然消退的能力上没有优势,但其排除无关视空间信息干扰能力更强,这可能是开放性运动锻炼老年人在视空间工作记忆存在优势的原因。

Objective:Previous studies have shown the advantage of open-skill exercisers on visuospatial working memory in older adults,especially on the storage component of working memory,but the mechanism is still unknown.This study will further explore the mechanism of this kind of advantage.Methods:The study used cross-sectional design to do a survey of sedentary control among older adults with“Exercise Mode Questionnaire”and“International Physical Activity Questionnaire”.The older adults were divided into open-skill exercise group,closedskill exercise group and no exercise group.Older adults in different groups all undertook the decaying of visuospatial information task and the interference of visuospatial information task to verify the decaying hypothesis and the interference hypothesis.Results:There were no difference between the accuracy and reaction time in the decaying of visuospatial information task,while open-skill exercise group exhibited higher accuracy than the sedentary control in the interference of visuospatial information task(P<0.05),and there were no difference observed on the reaction time.Conclusion:Mechanism of the advantage of open-skill exercisers on visuospatial working memory in older adults was mainly due to a better ability to eliminate irrelevant visuospatial information rather than the ability to resist natural fade.