知觉表征论视角下的知觉环境依赖性特征

The Situation-Dependent Character of Perception from the Perspective of the Representational Theory of Perception

知觉表征论框架下,根据苏珊娜·谢林博格的建议,知觉的视角性与环境依赖性特征可归结为对象的环境依赖性质在知觉经验中的呈现,进而,这种环境依赖性质应当以某种方式成为知觉的表征内容的构成要素。然而现有的表征内容论版本各自面临着困境。通过对环境依赖性质呈现的现象性特征的细致刻画可以看出,这种视觉化呈现表现出明确的非客观性。这意味着,环境依赖性质的视觉化呈现与初始知觉分属截然有别的两种经验。在阿萨纳修斯·拉夫特珀罗斯的知觉与意识理论框架下,初始知觉的环境依赖性质的呈现以两种可能的方式定位于作为知觉活动底层意识的现象意识内容中,因而有着隐含呈现的现象特征,并构成了知觉活动的一个独特的内容层次。

In the framework of the representational theory of perception,according to Schellenberg,the perspectival and situation-dependent character of perception boil down to the visual presentation of the situation-dependent properties of the perceptual objects;accordingly,the situation-dependent properties should somehow be located as a kind of constituent of the representational content of perception.However,the currently popular theories face troubles respectively.By carefully discussing the phenomenology of the explicit presence of the situation-dependent properties,we can see that the products of such a kind of visualization appear to be some non-objective item,which implies that the products of this kind of visualization and the original perception are distinct experiences.In the framework of Raftopoulos’theory of perception and consciousness,the presence of the situation-dependent properties can be put into the phenomenal consciousness which contributes to a fundamental level of perceptual activity.Phenomenologically,the situation-dependent properties are in a mode of implicit presence;in the representational aspect,they are constituents of a fundamental level of representational content in perception.