“正义论”蕴含医疗公正吗——以丹尼尔斯为中心的考察

Does “justice” contain medical justice——A study centered on Daniels

诺曼·丹尼尔斯在修正约翰·罗尔斯“无知之幕”理论缺陷的基础上,将罗尔斯的作为公平的正义原则应用到了医疗资源分配领域。丹尼尔斯从个体健康的特殊道德重要性出发,论证了健康医疗的重要性在于它保护人的“正常物种功能”,从而为每个人都能获得“正常机会范围”内的公平份额提供了必要的前提。丹尼尔斯基于健康需求的特殊道德重要性揭示了个体的健康是社会正义的应有之义,将“公正均等机会原则”作为医疗资源分配的最基本的道德原则,从而使社会正义结构能够蕴含一种合理的医疗公正理论。

On the basis of correcting the theoretical defects of John Rawls’“veil of ignorance”,Norman Daniels applies his principle of fairness to the field of medical resource allocation.Starting from the special moral importance of individual health,Daniels demonstrates that the importance of health care protects“normal function of species”,so everyone can get fair share within the“normal range”.Daniels reveals that the individual’s health should be included in the social justice based on the moral importance of health needs,and regards“the principle of fair and equal opportunity”as one of the most basic moral principles of the medical resources allocation,so the structure of social justice can contain a reasonable medical justice theory.