基于推理论证训练的哲学教学模式探索

Exploration of Philosophy Teaching Mode Based on the Training of Reasoning and Argumentation

哲学是人文教育的核心学科,作为一门讲道理的学问,关于它的教学不是简单地宣布理论主张,而应引领思考品质锻炼的途径,唤醒学生对自己生活和人生的自觉反思,最大限度地发掘和提升生命的意义。国内哲学教育普遍注重对观点或结论的解读和阐释,而较少推理论证训练,尤其缺少对已有论证的考查、补充和修正。文章针对这一现状,以日常某些思考盲点和知识论的教学为解析起点,探索一种磨练稳健理智的教学模式,着重寻找推理谬误的线索、营造层层追问与分析的开放性探究氛围以及培育提升知识可靠性的能力;把所讨论的问题、所涉及的各方面因素尽可能展现出来,以相关哲学史的研读为背景,引导、启发学生以交流研讨的方式,提出有根据的看法,并且在论辩互动中体会哲学的魅力,即哲学作为人类的理性能力和文化境界,渗透于生活的点点滴滴。

Excellent humanities education in university must focus on the training on intelligence,thought and personality at the same time.Therefore,it is particularly important to cultivate students’ability to grasp the fine reasoning and argumentation.The spirit of education and knowledge itself will become formalized and rigid if we only grasp knowledge but do not learn how to analyze and acquire knowledge.As a rational knowledge,the teaching of philosophy should not only declare the theoretical claims of philosophy,but also lead the way of philosophy as training in method and quality.Based on the analysis of some thinking blind spots and the teaching of epistemology in daily life,this paper explores an open inquiry teaching mode,which shows the problems discussed and the various factors involved as far as possible,guides and inspires students to present informed opinions in the form of exchanges and discussions,and to appreciate the charm of philosophy in the discussion of interaction with the background of the study of the history of philosophy.