功能化磁性纳米材料在样品前处理中的应用研究进展

Progress in application of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials for sample pretreatment

随着分析化学所面临的样品性质的复杂程度越来越高,被检测物质的浓度要求越来越低,在色谱及质谱分析前进行准确、高效的样品前处理过程就显得尤为重要。磁性固相萃取法由于其合成方法简单、易于分离、萃取效率高等优点,被认为是一种高效的样品预处理方法。Fe3O4磁性纳米材料由于分离速度快,分散性、生物相容性好等特点,近年来被广泛用于分离分析等各个领域。为了提高Fe3O4磁性纳米材料的物理和化学的稳定性,使其具备更高效的吸附分离能力,需要对其进行功能化的修饰。本文综述了近年来由碳基纳米材料、分子印迹聚合物、离子液体、硼酸亲和配体、金属有机骨架、共价有机骨架、量子点、金属氧化物等功能化磁性纳米材料的制备及其在生物、环境污染物、食品样品等样品前处理中的应用,并对这一领域发展进行了展望。

With the increasing complexity of the sample properties in analytical chemistry and the lower concentrations of the detected substances, it is imperative to develop accurate and efficient sample pretreatment processes before chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses. Magnetic solid-phase extraction(MSPE) can be regarded as an efficient sample pretreatment method due to the simple synthesis, convenient operation, and high extraction efficiency. In recent years, Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterials have been widely used in separation and analysis due to their advantages such as high separation speed, good dispersion, and biocompatibility. Functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterials are expected to show greatly improved physical and chemical stability, with superior adsorption and separation ability. In this paper, the preparation of magnetic nanomaterials functionalized with carbon-based nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers, ionic liquids, boronate affinity ligands, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frames, quantum dots, and metal oxides and their applications to sample pretreatment in the fields of biological, environmental, and food safety are reviewed. In addition, future research on sample pretreatment processes is prospected.