脂质组学分析中样品前处理技术的研究进展

Advances in the development of the sample preparation techniques in lipidomics

脂质不仅是细胞膜的主要组成部分,还参与一些生命活动如能量存储、信号传导等,在生命体中发挥着重要作用。近年来,越来越多的研究表明脂质的变化与一些重大疾病的发生发展密切相关,脂质组学研究对理解疾病的发生机制及过程具有重要意义。在脂质分析过程中,由于样品基质的干扰或被分析物浓度的限制,通常需要对样品进行前处理,以得到最佳的分析性能。该文综述了脂质组学分析中的样品前处理技术,包括脂质的提取方法(如液液萃取、固相萃取等)和针对不同类脂质的化学衍生化技术在各领域,尤其是生命分析和代谢组学中的应用,并对脂质组学分析中的样品前处理技术的发展进行了展望。

Lipids play an important physiological role in living system. They are the major components of cellular membranes, in addition to participating in energy storage as well as signal recognition and transmission. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that disturbances in lipid metabolism are closely related to the development of some diseases. Lipid analysis is of great significance for understanding the mechanism and the process of diseases. Because of the matrix interference and low concentration of analytes, existing techniques require sample preparation steps to ensure good analytical performance. In the present study, sample preparation methods in lipidomics used in various fields are reviewed, including lipid extraction methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction, as well as the chemical derivatization techniques for different lipid categories. In addition, the development of the sample preparation in lipidomics is also prospected.